Despite significant advancements in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) technology, managing women with a low prognosis remains a persistent challenge. The POSEIDON criteria define low prognosis

Sepsis is a severe and potentially fatal syndrome that arises when the body mounts a dysregulated immune response to infection, leading to widespread organ dysfunction.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects millions worldwide, presenting a significant challenge for patients and healthcare systems alike. Managing this condition often involves complex decisions

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a global health concern, with its prevalence rising significantly over the past few decades. In 2019, an estimated 463

The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists has rapidly expanded over the past decade, marking a significant advancement in the treatment of type 2

Dry eye disease is a widespread, chronic ocular surface condition that has a profound impact on daily life. It is characterised by persistent discomfort, a

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have emerged as a major public health concern, especially among children and adolescents. Over the past few decades, the consumption of these

Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder that continues to pose a significant global health challenge. Characterised by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headache lasting

Oesophageal food bolus impaction is a common and potentially serious medical emergency. During the holiday season, healthcare professionals frequently encounter a surge in cases, often

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have emerged as a significant public health concern due to their profound and lasting impact on individuals and society. The global prevalence

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, better known as GERD, is a common digestive disorder that affects millions of people around the world. GERD occurs when the acid

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant public health issue, ranking as one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. It not only diminishes life

Ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, have become a dominant feature of global dietary patterns. These foods, which include products such

Chronic kidney disease is a pervasive global health issue that poses significant risks to affected individuals. Characterised by persistent abnormalities in kidney function, including reduced

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), a chronic autoimmune condition characterised by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, was historically viewed as a disease predominantly

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women are one of the most common reasons for consultations in primary care settings. These infections, while often uncomplicated, significantly

Septoplasty is one of the most common surgical interventions performed to alleviate nasal obstruction caused by a deviated nasal septum. Often accompanied by inferior turbinate

Optimal maternal nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for foetal growth and newborn health. One of the most critical indicators of maternal nutritional status is gestational

Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation, is the leading cause of death in new-borns and young children worldwide. This phenomenon accounts

The COVID-19 pandemic created a seismic shift in healthcare systems across the globe, with the United Kingdom experiencing some of the most significant disruptions. Health

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pervasive and growing global health concern, affecting between 8% and 16% of adults worldwide. Traditionally, CKD has been associated

Dietary sugar consumption has long been a key focus of health research and public health policy, as its impact on overall well-being and the development

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used medications globally, prized for their ability to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and manage fever. From

Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. As the disease progresses, it can lead to a range of challenging symptoms,

Chronic pain is a reality for millions of people worldwide, and among the most challenging to manage is neuropathic pain. This type of pain results

The advent of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines represented a pivotal advancement in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly reducing the severity of infections, hospitalisations, and deaths globally. However,

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory condition that continues to pose significant challenges for global public health. Characterised by progressive and irreversible

Obesity remains a pressing global health issue, contributing significantly to the burden of chronic diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease. The condition

Diabetes mellitus is recognised as a significant global health challenge, serving as a major risk factor for various cardiovascular and renal diseases. In 2015, the

Physician burnout is a pressing issue that has become increasingly prominent in healthcare systems around the world. Burnout is defined as a work-related syndrome that

In the workplace, sedentary behaviour has become an unavoidable consequence of desk-based jobs. Research shows that adults spend an average of 9-10 hours each day,

On May 6, 2022, the UK High Consequence Infectious Diseases (HCID) network was alerted to a confirmed case of monkeypox in an individual who had

Depression is a significant public health issue and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Affecting over 300 million individuals, depression imposes a profound

Caesarean sections, while often lifesaving, carry significant risks. Globally, more than a quarter of deliveries in Europe are performed via caesarean section, and the proportion

Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread global health issue, recognised as one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. This degenerative joint disease causes pain,

Low back pain (LBP) is a widespread condition characterised by pain, muscle tension, or stiffness in the lower back, with or without radiating leg pain.

Physical inactivity is a major global public health issue, significantly contributing to increased mortality and morbidity rates. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), lack

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures, with over a million surgeries conducted worldwide each year. The demand for

Oral anticoagulants play a crucial role in preventing and treating venous thromboembolism and reducing the risk of strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation. The two

Injection drug use is a serious public health concern that results in high rates of illness and death. People who inject drugs are at a

Formula milk consumption has increased significantly over the past two decades, rising from 3.5 kg per child in 2005 to 7.4 kg per child in

Urinary incontinence, the involuntary leakage of urine, is a common condition that affects approximately one in three women. It can significantly impact quality of life,

Chronic Achilles tendinopathy is a prevalent overuse injury, affecting a significant portion of active individuals. The incidence rate stands at approximately 2-3 cases per 1,000

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a major public health concern, with more than 330 million individuals

Diets play a crucial role in shaping both personal health and the broader environmental area. Unbalanced eating habits, characterised by low fruit and vegetable consumption,